Explore the Science

What a decade of polar plankton research has taught us.

Plankton Base grew out of ten years of Antarctic and Arctic fieldwork. Below is a brief tour of what that science has shown — followed by the peer-reviewed papers behind each finding.

What we've discovered

Four things we now understand about polar plankton — and didn't before.

Each of these findings comes from the peer-reviewed studies listed further down the page.

A brand-new species of Antarctic plankton

During an exceptional bloom on the western Antarctic Peninsula, molecular sequencing revealed that the naked dinoflagellates driving it belong to a previously undescribed species in the Gymnodinium group — a genuinely new organism on the tree of life.

From: Mascioni et al., 2025 — molecular evidence for a new Gymnodinium species

The first seasonal look of plankton in unmonitored fjords

Most Antarctic phytoplankton research happens offshore from research vessels or select research stations. Sampling from expedition ships gives us a more detailed picture of what actually blooms in the nearshore fjords where glaciers meet the sea — and how those communities shift through the season.

From: Mascioni et al., 2019 — Polar Biology

Can a citizen science project enrich travellers' experience in Antarctica?

A preliminary evaluation of the FjordPhyto project found that giving travellers a hands-on role in Antarctic research deepened their sense of connection to the polar environment and made the science more meaningful — for visitors, expedition staff, and the research team alike.

From: Cusick et al., 2025 — The Polar Journal

Polar tourism can produce real, rigorous science

Travelers on expedition vessels — trained and supported by scientists on board — can generate peer-review-quality oceanographic data at a scale no single research cruise could. This is the framework Plankton Base carries forward.

From: Cusick et al., 2020 — Oceanography
Where the data goes

Open data that feeds global research networks.

Plankton Base publishes data openly so it can be used by scientists, educators, and communities worldwide.

UN Ocean Decade & SDG 14

Our open data supports the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, advancing SDG 14: Life Below Water.

OBON

The Ocean Biomolecular Observing Network (OBON), a UN Ocean Decade programme, uses biomolecular data like ours to understand how ocean life is responding to change.

SOOS

The Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) coordinates long-term observation of the Southern Ocean, and our time-series data helps fill nearshore gaps.

5th International Polar Year

IPY5 (2032–33) will advance polar research and climate understanding. Our participatory model and open dataset are designed to contribute directly to that global effort.

How our data works

Open-access and FAIR — what that actually means

You'll see us say our data is "open-source" and follows "FAIR" principles. In plain language: open-access means the front door is unlocked and there's no cover charge — anyone can read, download, and share the data. FAIR means that once you walk in, the library is actually organized, the books are in a language everyone speaks, and the pages aren't glued together.

Open-access

Our datasets are free of charge, free of paywalls, and free of restrictive copyright. A polar researcher in Argentina, a high-school teacher, or a curious traveler all have the legal right to read, download, and reuse them.

FAIR principles

A global scientific standard that makes data genuinely usable — not just posted online. Every dataset we publish is built to be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable by both humans and machines.

Findable
Each dataset gets a permanent digital address and rich metadata, so a scientist searching for Antarctic plankton blooms can actually locate ours.
Accessible
No university login, no expensive software — anyone with an internet connection can retrieve it through standard, open protocols.
Interoperable
We use shared, non-proprietary formats so our records combine cleanly with NASA satellite data, British Antarctic Survey records, and other long-running datasets.
Reusable
Clear licensing and detailed documentation of equipment, coordinates, and methods let climate modelers and researchers trust, replicate, and build on the work.
Full library

The complete publication library, most recent first.

Every peer-reviewed paper produced through the FjordPhyto program that Plankton Base carries forward. Key studies are marked with a colored tag.

  1. 2025
    Cusick et al. · 2025

    Can a citizen science project enrich travellers' experience in Antarctica? Case study of a preliminary evaluation of the FjordPhyto project

    The Polar Journal — Public Engagement with Polar Regions (special issue)
    Read publication
  2. 2025
    Mascioni et al. · 2025

    Molecular evidence reveals that naked dinoflagellates that formed an exceptional bloom on the western Antarctic Peninsula belong to an undescribed species within the Gymnodinium sensu stricto group

    Peer-reviewed (PubMed)
    Read publication
  3. 2023
    High impact
    Mascioni et al. · 2023

    Phytoplankton dynamics in nearshore regions of the western Antarctic Peninsula in relation to a variable frontal zone in the Gerlache Strait

    Frontiers in Marine Science
    Read publication
  4. 2021
    Mascioni et al. · 2021

    Microplanktonic diatom assemblages dominated the primary production but not the biomass in an Antarctic fjord

    Journal of Marine Systems
    Read publication
  5. 2020
    Foundational
    Cusick et al. · 2020

    Polar Tourism as an Effective Research Tool: Citizen Science in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

    Oceanography
    Read publication
  6. 2020
    Cusick et al. · 2020

    A Helping Hand in Phytoplankton Research

    ECO Magazine
    Read publication
  7. 2019
    Cusick · 2019

    Citizen Scientists in Antarctica: FjordPhyto Approach to Understand Climate Change Affected Environments

    Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics
    Read publication
  8. 2019
    Most cited
    Mascioni et al. · 2019

    Phytoplankton composition and bloom formation in unexplored nearshore waters of the western Antarctic Peninsula

    Polar Biology
    Read publication